Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their role in plant-parasitic nematodes control: a fresh look at an old issue

Abstract The increasing demand for agricultural products can be met by maximizing production potential and reducing crop losses caused common plant-parasitic nematodes. Chemical-based nematode management is a successful technique mitigating damage yield pests; however, inappropriate irresponsible application of synthetic pesticides has negative impacts on fauna, bioflora, natural enemies such as predators parasites. use biocontrol agents the most appreciated method control among farmers because it’s safe reduces environmental pollution. There focus biological nematodes using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) biopesticide. Moreover, PGPR strains promote growth producing various secondary metabolites these PGPRs. This review focuses direct (Nitrogen fixation, phytohormone formation, phosphate solubilization, Potassium siderophores ammonia production) indirect mechanisms (Hyperparasitism, antibiosis, lytic enzyme production, induced systemic resistance) action in management, future prospects PGPR-based agents.